Ref ID:	37106
Ref Type:	Journal Article
Authors:	Carlhoff, Selina Duli, Akin Nägele, Kathrin Nur, Muhammad Skov, Laurits Sumantri, Iwan Oktaviana, Adhi Agus Hakim, Budianto Burhan, Basran Syahdar, Fardi Ali McGahan, David P. Bulbeck, David Perston, Yinika L. Newman, Kim Saiful, Andi Muhammad Ririmasse, Marlon Chia, Stephen Hasanuddin Pulubuhu, Dwia Aries Tina Suryatman Supriadi Jeong, Choongwon Peter, Benjamin M. Prüfer, Kay Powell, Adam Krause, Johannes Posth, Cosimo Brumm, Adam
Title:	Genome of a middle Holocene hunter-gatherer from Wallacea
Date:	2021
Source:	Nature
DOI:	10.1038/s41586-021-03823-6
Abstract:	Much remains unknown about the population history of early modern humans in southeast Asia, where the archaeological record is sparse and the tropical climate is inimical to the preservation of ancient human DNA1. So far, only two low-coverage pre-Neolithic human genomes have been sequenced from this region. Both are from mainland Hòabìnhian hunter-gatherer sites: Pha Faen in Laos, dated to 7939–7751 calibrated years before present (yr cal bp; present taken as ad 1950), and Gua Cha in Malaysia (4.4–4.2 kyr cal bp)1. Here we report, to our knowledge, the first ancient human genome from Wallacea, the oceanic island zone between the Sunda Shelf (comprising mainland southeast Asia and the continental islands of western Indonesia) and Pleistocene Sahul (Australia–New Guinea). We extracted DNA from the petrous bone of a young female hunter-gatherer buried 7.3–7.2 kyr cal bp at the limestone cave of Leang Panninge2 in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Genetic analyses show that this pre-Neolithic forager, who is associated with the ‘Toalean’ technocomplex3,4, shares most genetic drift and morphological similarities with present-day Papuan and Indigenous Australian groups, yet represents a previously unknown divergent human lineage that branched off around the time of the split between these populations approximately 37,000 years ago5. We also describe Denisovan and deep Asian-related ancestries in the Leang Panninge genome, and infer their large-scale displacement from the region today.
Volume:	596
Page Start:	543
Page End:	547