| Notes: |
The Patjitanian is to date the most extensively studied lower-palaeolithic culture in Indonesia on which Hallam L. Movius, Jr., is the prominent expert (Movius 1948). H. R. van Heekeren has carried out further investigations which revealed new palaeolithic sites in the neighbouring area of the Baksoko River (Heekeren 1955). Sporadic finds of this cultural stage were reported in other regions of Java (Gombong, Parigi, Tjidjulang, Tasikmalaja, Djampang), Sumatra (Lho Seumawe, Tambangsawah, Tangjungkarang, Kikim) and Kalimantan (Awangbangkal) (OV. 1937
Movius 1948, 1955
Heekeren 1957). So it is clear, that outside the well-known Patjitanian locality in Java this palaeolithic chopper/chopping-tool tradition had its development in more extensive regions in Indonesia (Fig. I). Except for the Patjitanian as well as for the objects from Lho Seumawe (Kupper 1930
Lebzelter 1935), Awangbangkal (Heekeren 1951) and Kikim (Amerta 1953), no clear description concerning the implements from the other Indonesian regions exists as yet. Van Heekeren considered the tools from Lho Seumawe as Sumatra type of the mesolithic Hoabinhian (1957: 72-73). Many of the undescribed implements seem to be lost, while only two artifacts from Djampang are now in possession of the Museum of the Institute of Indonesian Culture, Djakarta (JKBG, 10, 1948-1951 : 37 and 40). A thorough study of these scattered finds has never followed, although they are of great importance on the wide spread of the lower palaeolithic tradition in Southern Asia. The writer is of the opinion, that in aid of systematic research on the development of palaeolithic culture in Indonesia every possible find should be documented, notwithstanding (as expressed by Movius 1958: xii-xiii) 'incompleteness from lack of profound geological orientation which would lessen the significance of the material'. Moreover, consecutive findings necessitated recording before material and data from separate discoveries accumulate to a confusing total. As ,early as 1954 finds were made by explorers of the Archaeological Service and the Geological Survey during field work that resulted in the collection of palaeolithic implements. This paper is chiefly intended as a description of the palaeolithic material preserved in the Archaeological Service in Djakarta and Bali and in the Museum of the Institute of Indonesian Culture which consists of collections made since 1954 to the first semester of 1961. The whole collection includes findings from: A. Kikim in 1954. B. Kalianda (South Sumatra) in 1954. C. Awangbangkal in 1958. D. Gombong in 1959. E. Sembiran in 1961. The lack of opportunity for performing geological observations or shortage of further reports compels the writer to present here the geological description of the sites in very brief manner. The determination of the raw stone material is given by Dr B. N. Wahju, petrologist of the Geological Survey.
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